In 2023, OpenAI's Chief Executive Officer, Sam Altman, appeared before the U.S. Congress to discuss the potential risks associated with artificial intelligence. During his testimony, he reiterated a statement he had made on multiple occasions: that he holds no shares in OpenAI and is merely at the helm out of passion for the company.
However, in a recent revelation, Altman admitted to having once possessed a stake in OpenAI through a Sequoia fund, which he has since divested. In a conversation with Bari Weiss, which was published on Thursday, Altman was inquired about the possibility of him holding equity if OpenAI were to transform into a for-profit entity.
Here is a summary of his response: "I possess a minuscule portion of equity from an old YC fund—though I previously had some through a Sequoia fund, which I found more convenient to sell rather than maintain—so I now have a very small, insignificant amount. Regarding what I might or might not have in the future, I am uncertain. There is no existing plan or assurance for me to receive anything."
While Altman's investment through Y Combinator was public knowledge, his investment via Sequoia was not. OpenAI's website discloses the CEO's indirect investment in the company through YC, describing this "minor investment" as the CEO's "sole interest" and noting that it was made prior to his full-time employment at OpenAI. Sequoia first invested in OpenAI in 2021, two years after Altman became the CEO, at a time when the company was valued at approximately $14 billion.
This valuation has since skyrocketed to $157 billion following the startup's most recent funding round, which Sequoia also participated in. Although Sequoia's 2021 stake in OpenAI has significantly increased in value, there are several unknowns surrounding Altman's investment through the venture capital firm. Venture capital firms like Sequoia are not obligated to disclose their limited partner investors, making it unclear when Altman sold his stake and for what amount.
An OpenAI spokesperson confirmed Altman's previous involvement with a statement to TechCrunch but did not provide specific details. "Sam has never held direct ownership in OpenAI. He held an insignificant stake, less than a fraction of a percent, in a general Sequoia fund with a diverse portfolio, which he later discovered included minimal exposure to OpenAI," said OpenAI spokesperson Kayla Wood. "Sam no longer has any ongoing commitments to the fund."
Traditionally, CEOs have equity in the companies they lead, with equity often constituting the largest portion of a CEO's compensation, especially in publicly traded companies. Startup founders typically begin with full equity in their ventures, only to gradually distribute shares to employees and sell portions to investors. However, OpenAI was initially established as a non-profit organization with an unusual structure, and Altman has consistently claimed not to own any equity. As recently as this month, Altman stated that he has no equity in OpenAI during The New York Times' DealBook Summit.
In a May interview with the All In podcast, the OpenAI CEO explained that he initially chose not to take equity in the company due to its corporate structure. According to its charter, OpenAI's non-profit board must be composed of a majority of independent directors, who are not allowed to hold equity in the company. Altman stated that this requirement led him to forgo any equity in order to qualify as one of those independent directors. However, this has led many to question the CEO's motivations within the company, which is likely one of the reasons the company is moving away from this structure.
Altman's stake in OpenAI has also gained relevance as the company attempts to transition its for-profit division, currently overseen by the non-profit board, into an independent entity. OpenAI is also reportedly considering granting the CEO equity during this transition, although both the company and Altman have denied any such plans. The for-profit transition of OpenAI is currently at risk of being delayed by Elon Musk's lawsuit against the startup. At its core, Musk's lawsuit alleges that OpenAI is abandoning its original non-profit mission to make the benefits of its AI research accessible to everyone.
However, OpenAI recently claimed that Musk wanted to convert the startup into a for-profit entity from the outset. During his interview with Weiss, Altman referred to Elon Musk as a "bully" who "clearly enjoys engaging in disputes." At another point, Altman criticized Meta for urging California's attorney general to halt OpenAI's for-profit transition. "I don't know why Meta sent that letter, but I do know they are aware that's not the proper procedure.
I know that part was in bad faith," said Altman. "You can speculate on various other reasons Meta might have sent this letter. You can imagine they wanted to ingratiate themselves with Elon, you can imagine they felt it would help them compete with us." While the company asserts that Altman's exposure to OpenAI through Sequoia was negligible, it's challenging to reconcile Altman's statements about having no equity in OpenAI with his most recent comments on Weiss' podcast.
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